فصلنامه بهبود مدیریت
پیاپی 54 (زمستان 1400)

The journal of Improvement Management, in the fall issue of 1400, published a special issue entitled "Special Issue on Historical Analysis of Technology Development and Innovation Experiences in I.R.Iran". This experience, which is considered as the first serious experience in this field, along with the various advantages and strengths that are the result of the efforts of writers, respected judges and scientific secretary of the special issue, Due to its novelty, it also has its drawbacks, which should be carefully critiqued and offered solutions to try to conduct further research with higher accuracy and quality. In this regard, the note sent to the journal by Dr. Seyed Sepehr Ghazi Nouri, a member of the editorial board of the journal and one of the leading professors in the field of science and technology policy, will be published as a "letter to editor."

Platform businesses formed new types of economic activities based on information and communication technology. Although governments encourage these businesses, they create challenges in the economic environment that indicate a failure in the efficiency of market mechanism and economic laws, especially Competition Law. This study aims to clarify the effects of business platform features on the Competition law and its Authority. For this purpose, a selected list of (anti) competition cases in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (Brics), and Iran has been selected based on a multi-case study. The results show five characteristics of platform businesses age, including a) two-sided markets and network effect b) access instead of ownership c) revenue model and pricing d) innovation in business model and new economic segmentation, and e) data, its ownership, and privacy affect the three instances of the cartel, abuse dominance, and merger principles; Such as new examples of horizontal contracts, hub role-playing, vertical contracts (cartel/collusion), self-preferences, discrimination, denial of access through gateways, exploitation, assimilation of goods and services and aggressive/predatory pricing (abuse dominance) and changing corporate turnover and market structure (Merger). Second, these characteristics affect how the relevant market is defined (relevant product and relevant geography) and recognize the apparent market power. In addition, this study highlights the importance of designing a competition law authority concerning the sectoral regulator.

The nuclear industry is one of the most important industries in any country, and the development of this industry will lead to the development of other industries. The external acquisition of nuclear technology has always been challenged by sanctions on host countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to achieve the pattern of endogenous technology acquisition in the country's nuclear industry. This study has been done qualitatively and with a phenomenological strategy. To collect data from semi-structured interview method and in-depth analysis of them by inductive content analysis did with ATLAS.ti software. The study population was selected experts in one of the industries affiliated to the aeoi. To ensure the validity of the research data, two methods of review by research participants and review by colleagues were used. The findings showed that the pattern of endogenous technology acquisition in the nuclear industry can be defined in 6 main categories, which are: nuclear strategic foresight management, Flexible structure and organization of creative teams, Promoting the culture of jihadi management, the motivating atmosphere of the expert force, Deep connection between university and industry, Also the internationalization of the nuclear indigenous industry.

Today, as the Competitive Environment becomes more Complicated, Firms in Steel Value Chain Sector, In addition to the need to Identify and Assimilate new Knowledge and Technologies, need to Absorb and Integrate It into their Technological Resources.This Study has been done by Analyzing the Iran Steel Value Chain Technology Developments from the Perspective of Managerial Functions in New Technology Integration. The Historical Review was from 1338 to 1400. This Study is Qualitative Content Analysis Research. Data Collection Tools were 16 Semi-Structured Interviews with Experienced Managers in Steelmaking Industry Along With Review of Archival Documents Finally, based on Historical Analysis and Review of Successful and Unsuccessful Management Functions in Three Time phases, This Study Presents Functional and Executive Solutions in the Stages of Integration of New Technologies. In this Study, After Exploring 17 Themes (Key Effective Factors) fot New Technologies Integration, 25 Solutions in Stage of “Identify and Obtain Valuable New Knowledge Identifying and Evaluating New Technological Knowledge”, 24 Solutions in Stage of “Understanding New Knowledge and Combining it with the Existing Knowledge Base of the Firm”, and 10 Solutions In Stage of “Exploiting New Technological Knowledge has been Proposed.

Innovation is one of the missing elements in the Iranian automotive industry and there are several reasons for it. In this article, however, we look at innovation through the lens of related concepts of innovation ecosystem, a concept that has previously been less used by researchers in this industry. To do so, the theme analysis method was used in interviews with 20 experts active in the country's innovation ecosystem. The results show that within the framework of innovation ecosystem of this industry, which consists of 9 main elements including "Internal innovation environment", "External innovation environment", "Innovation platform", "Innovation users", " "Innovators", "Innovation beneficiaries", "Brokers", "Innovation facilitators" and "Value and Knowledge flows"; Weaknesses such as "missing chains", "lack of institutional harmony", and "bureaucracy and high complexity of some executive processes" are the most important deterrents to innovation.

In this paper, Sapa's transition from hierarchical governance to network governance by creating a set of growing firms and developing ″small nuclei and large networks″ in the electro-optical industry has been narrated. Based on the facts and reports of sapa′s performance¸ it can be said that this transition has been done with an acceptable rate of success and has achieved relative stability. In this study¸sapa organizational changes in three periods: 1) the formation of the uncleus¸ 2) the growth of innovation and networking¸ and 3) the maturity of the uncleus and network in the light of the concepts of governance¸ networking and complexity are studied with a ″strategic narrative approach″ .The findings of this study show that Sapa, with its mobilizing and persuasive leadership, product-oriented innovation groups, technological spin offs and the integration of hierarchical and network systems, has been able to overcome the chalenges of this transition and achieved a good position in the country′s electro-optical industry.

Endogenizing windows of opportunity in an industry can be analyzed and evaluated through using the Technological Innovation System (TIS) approach. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the functions and mechanisms needed to endogenize blockchain windows of opportunity in Iran’s banking industry. To this end, this paper employed a quantitative approach, survey research strategy, a questionnaire tool for data collection, and confirmatory factor analysis for data analysis. The sample is selected from experts who are proficient in the banking industry and blockchain technology. Findings of this study indicate that mechanisms such as internal project research by banks (knowledge creation function), increasing the diversity of actors and their interactions (knowledge diffusion function), using international platforms instead of local platforms (market orientation function), internal operational and research projects (technological entrepreneurship function), the need to determine the orientation of blockchain development by obtaining the views and needs of leading users by the Central Bank as a key player (search orientation function), removing business barriers (shaping market function), the entry of fintech companies into business development (legitimation function) are important for endogenizing blockchain windows of opportunity in Iran's banking industry.